A revision reference for the ward and the exam.

1,677 mnemonics and 205 acronyms for medical students and doctors, each with the context that makes it worth remembering.

Try SOCRATES, MUDPILES, LI-RADS or cauda equina.

Specimen entry · Investigations

High Anion Gap Acidosis Causes

MUDPILES or GOLDMARK for the unmeasured anions

  • M - Methanol
  • U - Uraemia
  • D - Diabetic ketoacidosis
  • P - Paraldehyde, Propylene glycol
  • I - Iron, Isoniazid
  • L - Lactic acidosis
  • E - Ethylene glycol
  • S - Salicylates

Exam tip If the anion gap is raised and lactate and ketones are normal, calculate the osmolar gap and think toxic alcohol.

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By discipline

Entries by discipline
Discipline Covering Among them Entries
Anatomy Body structures, regions and anatomical terminology. A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm · SAIL · BATTLE 698
Physiology Body function, regulation and systems physiology. FLAT PIG · ROME · action potential phases 483
Histology Microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs. Cornea layers · cell junctions · adrenal zones 99
Biochemistry Molecules, metabolism, enzymes and laboratory markers. Central dogma · glycolysis · essential amino acids 95
Pathology Disease processes, tissue change and diagnostic terms. Apoptosis versus necrosis · aneurysm types · DIC 102
Cardiology Heart, circulation and cardiovascular terms. CHA2DS2-VASc · SAD in aortic stenosis · FROM JANE 136
Respiratory Lung disease, ventilation and respiratory assessment. CURB-65 · CHEST in acute asthma · CHARTS and STAIR 126
Emergency Acute care, triage and resuscitation. ABCDE · four Hs and four Ts · sepsis six · AEIOU TIPS 136
Investigations Blood tests, imaging and clinical measurements. MUDPILES · SnNout and SpPin · WiLLiaM MaRRoW 126
Pharmacology Medicines, routes and dosing terminology. SICKFACES.COM · CRAP GPS · RIPE · FEVER 131
Clinical Exam Bedside signs, examination and clinical language. SOCRATES · ABCDE · ASEPTIC · CAGE 129
Radiology Imaging modalities, safety, interventional procedures and radiological reporting. LI-RADS · BI-RADS · ALARA · ASPECTS 176

All 12 categories and their subcategories · A–Z index · Browse everything

Common mnemonics all

JACCOL
General inspection signs
SITS
Rotator cuff muscles
LOAF
Median nerve hand muscles
OPQRST
Pain assessment
FAST
Stroke recognition
ABCDE
Primary survey

Common acronyms all

ECG / EKG
Electrocardiogram
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
ABG
Arterial blood gas
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
HbA1c
Glycated haemoglobin

What is here, and what is not

About half of these entries are mnemonics. The rest are the tables, sequences and interpretation patterns that never fitted into an acronym: blood gases, ECGs, fluid analysis, examination routines. Where a device is in real use on the wards or in exams it is here. Where none exists, none has been invented; a clean table beats an acrostic nobody uses.

The site is named after the general inspection: jaundice, anaemia, clubbing, cyanosis, oedema, lymphadenopathy.